8.0 INTELLIGENCE ISSUES
8.1 The Police Ombudsman has evaluated the flow of
intelligence between Special Branch, Force Intelligence Bureau
and the original Murder Investigation Team. There is some
confusion, and in certain areas a degree of conflict, as to
what was received and from whom.
8.2 Some intelligence was made available to the retired
Senior Investigating Officer either by Special Branch, or by
the Force Intelligence Bureau. However, no clear audit could
be found within the Home Office Large Major Enquiry System
(HOLMES) account, Special Branch, or the Force Intelligence
Bureau of how the intelligence was received and transmitted to
the Murder Investigation Team. In the absence of the Policy
File (see Paragraph 9.0) the tasks allocated as a consequence
of the receipt of the action, and the reasons for the action
which was taken or which was not taken, cannot be definitively
identified.
8.3 The primary source of the intelligence provided to the
Murder Investigation Team was Special Branch.
8.4 It has been established that all relevant intelligence
available to Special Branch was not shared with the original
investigating team. There are in total some nineteen
intelligence entries, of varying quality (six are of
particular relevance). These entries have now been passed to
Detective Inspector C, who has recently completed an analysis
of the investigation into the murder of Mr Sean Brown to
identify further investigative opportunities. Obviously the
delay in passing this intelligence will have reduced its
potential value to the investigation.
9.0 THE MURDER INVESTIGATION POLICY FILE
9.1 When decisions are made in an investigation of this type
each decision, and the reason for that decision, is recorded
in a Policy File which is created for the purpose of the
particular investigation.
9.2 The retired Senior Investigating Officer stated that he
had maintained a Royal Ulster Constabulary Policy File, within
which he had recorded all decisions made during the conduct of
the murder investigation. Upon his departure from the Royal
Ulster Constabulary, he left the document with other filed
case papers.
9.3 The Police Ombudsman had, on 05 March 2001, received
from Detective Superintendent B, a photocopy of the final page
of the Policy File, completed on behalf of the retired Senior
Investigating Officer, by his Deputy, Detective Chief
Inspector A. It had been copied from the Policy File which
was held in Garvagh Royal Ulster Constabulary Station on that
date. The entry, which is dated 02/07/98, effectively closes
the investigation "pending new information coming into police
possession".
9.4 At some point after the photocopying was undertaken, the
Policy File disappeared. Despite extensive searches by the
Police Ombudsman and the Police Service of Northern Ireland,
it has not been recovered.
9.5 This single Box File which contained the Policy File is
the only item stored at Garvagh Police Station, found to be
missing.
9.6 Examination of the Policy File is a critical process to
determine how and why the enquiry into Mr Brown's death was
conducted. Failure to access and review the Policy File has
seriously impeded enquiries undertaken by the Police
Ombudsman, particularly in relation to issues such as family
liaison, forensic strategies, receipt and handling of
intelligence and any strategy relating to the arrest of
identified suspects. It has also effectively prevented the
allocation of responsibility for individual decisions made by
senior officers.
10.0 THE BELLAGHY OCCURRENCE BOOK
10.1 Each police station maintains an Occurrence Book in
which are entered all matters reported to the police. Searches
have been made but the Occurrence Book from Bellaghy Royal
Ulster Constabulary Station for the relevant period cannot be
found. This means that neither the Murder Investigation Team
nor the Police Ombudsman has been able to examine the record
of what was occurred at Bellaghy Royal Ulster Constabulary
Station on the night of the murder.
11.0 CONCLUSIONS
11.1 COMPLAINT No. 1 - "That the investigation into the
murder of Mr Sean Brown had not been efficiently and properly
carried out."
11.2 The investigation of the murder of Mr Sean Brown on
12th May 1997 was incomplete and inadequate. The
investigation encompassed three incident scenes - the Gaelic
Athletic Association Club at Bellaghy from which Mr Brown was
abducted, his car, in which he was driven to the Old Moneynick
Road area of Randalstown, and the location in which his body
and his burning car were found.
11.3 Significant failures in the Royal Ulster Constabulary
/ Police Service of Northern Ireland investigative process
have been identified. Those failures include:
I. The failure to carry out a proper search for witnesses at
and in the area of the Old Moneynick Road scene;
II. The failure to speak to an important witness who
identified himself to an unknown police officer on 13th May
1997, and who was never subsequently approached by the police;
III. The consequential failure to pursue the evidential
opportunities deriving from this witness's evidence;
IV. The failure to identify and to deal properly with all the
available forensic evidential opportunities;
V. No attempt being made to identify vehicles passing through
Toomebridge in a northward direction prior to 22
0 hours on
12th May 1997;
VI. Inadequate enquiries into a convoy of vehicles, which
passed through Toomebridge between 22
0 hours and 22
7 hours
on 12th May 1997;
VII. The failure by Special Branch to pass a significant
amount of relevant and available intelligence to the Murder
Investigation Team. There was no audit trail as to who was
responsible for the passage of material from Special Branch to
the Murder Investigation Team;
VIII. An unclear audit trail in relation to which intelligence
was passed from Special Branch to the Murder Investigation
Team;
IX. The failure to ensure that material gathered during the
course of the murder enquiry was properly stored in a secure
environment. This led to the inability to produce the Policy
File;
X. The disappearance of the Policy File, in which are recorded
the Senior Investigating Officer or Deputy Senior
Investigating Officer's decisions, the reasons for them,and
the tasks allocated by the Senior Investigating Officer. It
was last seen on 20th February 2001, three weeks after the
Brown family complained to the Police Ombudsman. The Box
File in which this document and others relating to the Royal
Ulster Constabulary investigation were kept, was stored at
Garvagh Police Station. The Box File was not available on
23rd and 24th May 2001, and was formally declared missing on
26th July 2001. The inability of the Police Service of
Northern Ireland to produce this document had massive
consequences for this investigation. It prevented the
investigation of individual officer responsibility for the
failures identified by the Police Ombudsman;
XI. The failure to ensure the proper custody of the Occurrence
Book for Bellaghy Police Station which covered the night of Mr
Brown's murder. This is the book in which all matters reported
to the police in Bellaghy Police Station are recorded. This
Book was not available when sought by the Police Ombudsman and
despite searches it has not been possible to find it;
XII. The failure to investigate properly the ongoing history
of the murder weapon.
11.4 The complaint made by the Brown family about the
quality of the Police Service of Northern Ireland
investigation is upheld.
11.5 COMPLAINT No. 2 - "That police have failed to update
the family as to investigative developments."
11.6 The level and degree of family liaison will perhaps
always remain an outstanding and unresolved issue. On the
one side the family say there was very little liaison and that
they weren't kept properly updated. It has not been possible
to speak to all members of the family. On the other hand we
have some corroboration of the police account of the original
investigation that there was a genuine effort, to support and
keep the Brown family appraised of all developments. It is
clear that the Brown family did not have confidence in the
investigation of Mr Sean Brown's murder. It is also clear
that they asked the Royal Ulster Constabulary to discontinue
visits to their home some weeks after the murder, and that
following this members of the family visited police stations
on at least three occasions.
11.7 The family became dissatisfied with the information
they were receiving from the police and stopped visiting the
police premises.
11.8 Whist it is accepted that early contact was pursued by
the Investigators and that after the family instructed the
police not to visit their home, letters were written by the
police to the family and to their solicitor to inform them,
there have been various key stages where the family have not
been kept informed. One example involves the arrest of a
suspect in 2002, after the Police Ombudsman had been involved
in the investigation, when a suspect was arrested and the
family not told. They learnt of this from the press. The
Police Ombudsman is aware that the Brown family had declined
the offer of liaison from the Police Service of Northern
Ireland which was made by Detective Superintendent B (see
paragraph 4.2).
11.9 The complaint is therefore partially upheld.
11.10 COMPLAINT No 3 "That no earnest effort was made to
identify the persons who murdered Mr Sean Brown."
11.11 The Police Ombudsman has identified above the multiple
failures in this investigation. It is clear from the
Investigation File that there was not full co-operation from
the community. Nevertheless, despite this, many
investigative actions which could have been taken, were not
taken.
11.12 The disappearance of both the Policy File and the
Bellaghy Occurrence Book is very significant, and this,
combined with the investigative failings identified, has led
the Police Ombudsman to conclude that, an earnest effort to
identify the murderers cannot be evidenced from the
Investigation File. This complaint is upheld.
12.0 OTHER FINDINGS
12.1 It has been suggested that the attack upon Mr Sean
Brown was linked to efforts being made to "cement the Northern
Ireland peace process". This suggestion could not form part
of the Police Ombudsman's investigation.
12.2 It has been suggested that a number of vehicles were
under surveillance at the time of the attack on Mr Brown. This
has been investigated. There is no record of any pre-planned
police or military surveillance operation going on in Bellaghy
during or in the days preceding the relevant time.
12.3 Another allegation made was that the "convoy of
vehicles", one of which contained Mr Sean Brown, was allowed
"safe passage" by police and or Security Services. There
is
no evidence to substantiate this.
12.4 Enquiries to establish the degree of military / police
deployment in the area have been carried out. Records
detailing both police and military deployments both before and
after the murder have been examined. During the period
following the murder, military units responded to a request
from the Royal Ulster Constabulary to assist in securing the
area around both crime scenes. Apart from this specific
action, the deployment of military and police personnel does
not indicate any shift or change to what was normal
operational practice at that time, or before the murder.
This allegation is not substantiated.
12.5 A final response, received from the military in
December 2002, indicates that until the discovery of Mr Sean
Brown's body, there were no records of notable incidents of
any description in the area which may have been related to the
murder.
12.6 Finally it should be noted it is only since the
involvement of this Office, that the Royal Ulster Constabulary
considered reviewing this investigation (as indicated in the
letter from Detective Superintendent B, dated 02/03/01). Until
recently the Police Service of Northern Ireland had no policy
with regard to the review of murders. A Murder Review Policy
is currently being developed following earlier criticism in
this respect by the Police Ombudsman. This development has
been welcomed by the Police Ombudsman.
13.0 MATTERS REFERRED TO THE MURDER INVESTIGATION TEAM
13.1 As a consequence of the Police Ombudsman's
Investigation, the matter of the failure to develop DNA from
the discarded cigarette ends has now been addressed. The
Police Service of Northern Ireland assessment of the original
murder investigation, undertaken by Detective Superintendent
B, did not recommend any form of forensic re-evaluation.
13.2 The Police Ombudsman identified that samples for
biological testing were not taken from those suspects
originally arrested in connection with the murder of Mr Sean
Brown. Since this development relevant action has been taken
by the Police Service of Northern Ireland in respect of this
matter and other failings identified in this Statement.
13.3 There are in total some nineteen intelligence entries,
of varying quality (six are of particular relevance). These
entries have now been passed to Detective Inspector C who has
carried out an analysis of the investigation into the murder
of Mr Sean Brown to identify further investigative
opportunities.
14.0 ALLOCATING RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FAILURES IDENTIFIED
IN THIS REPORT
14.1 In the course of carrying out this investigation the
Police Ombudsman has uncovered significant failures within the
investigative process.
14.2 In any major investigation the police officer
responsible for that investigation is the Senior Investigating
Officer. The Senior Investigating Officer responsible for
the investigation has now retired. The law states that a
retired officer cannot be made amenable after retirement for
any misconduct occurring before his retirement. Such a
retired officer can be investigated for any alleged criminal
activity.
14.3 The retired Senior Investigating Officer was
interviewed but did not provide any explanation for the
failures identified by the Police Ombudsman. There is no
evidence of any criminal action by this Officer.
14.4 The retired Senior Investigating Officer had
responsibility for a number of other serious investigations
and he was assisted by a Deputy Senior Investigating Officer,
Detective Chief Inspector (now Detective Superintendent) A.
14.5 The unexplained disappearance of the Policy File has
prevented the Police Ombudsman from 'auditing' the decision
making process and establishing the degree of autonomy that
Detective Superintendent A had during the period from 12th May
1997 to 02nd July 1998 when the Policy File recorded the
closure of the investigation pending new information coming
into police possession.
14.6 The Deputy Senior Investigating Officer, Detective
Superintendent A, declined to be interviewed as a witness, and
because of the emerging evidence, he was ultimately served
with a notice that he was under investigation in relation to
the complaint made by the Brown family.
14.7 When interviewed under caution he relied on the fact
that he acted solely on the instructions of the Senior
Investigating Officer, and that he followed the instructions
which he was given. Detective Superintendent A's explanation
to all issues was that it was the "Senior Investigating
Officer's decision". In the absence of the Policy File which
would have clarified responsibility for decision-making, this
provides an effective shield. It does, however, raise the
question as to what value he added to the investigation. He
was a Deputy Senior Investigator, with a far more 'hands on
role' in managing the murder enquiry. He should have made
effective decisions, and challenged any made by the Senior
Investigating Officer which did not meet the needs of the
investigation. There is no evidence that he did so.
Equally there is no evidence that he did not do so.
14.8 In the absence of the Policy File it would not be right
or possible to attempt to hold junior officers to account for
the investigative failures.
15.0 OTHER ISSUES
15.1 Following the disappearance of the Policy File, the
Police Service of Northern Ireland has recognised the failure
of its systems for the protection of murder investigation
files and, in the course of the Police Ombudsman's
investigation there was a Police Service of Northern Ireland
Review of, and necessary amendment to the systems.
15.2 The failure to review properly the murder enquiry has
been acknowledged by the Police Service of Northern Ireland,
and following earlier Recommendation by the Police Ombudsman
the Police Service of Northern Ireland has now established a
Major Crime Review Group.
15.3 This investigation has shown a failure of the
leadership and management of the Royal Ulster Constabulary
enquiry into the murder of Mr Sean Brown. The extent to
which there were failures of the investigative process is
clear evidence of that failure. Had the necessary reviews
and consideration of the conduct of the investigation taken
place the matter could have been more effectively dealt with.
15.4 No evidence of police collusion in the murder of Mr
Sean Brown has been found. There is clear evidence of police
failure to investigate the murder properly.
15.5 In the absence of the Policy File it is not possible to
determine who was responsible for the failures of management
and leadership which are evident from this investigation.
The Police Ombudsman is concerned at the inability of
Detective Superintendent A to recall, other than to say that
each decision was a Senior Investigating Officer matter, the
nature of his contribution to the murder enquiry. However in
the absence of evidence indicating actual misconduct this
matter cannot be taken any further.
16.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
16.1 The Police Ombudsman has recommended that there be a
full Independent Review of the enquiry into the murder of Mr
Sean Brown; that there be a full commitment to carry out the
Recommendations of the Review and that his family be kept
informed of all developments. The Review would identify and
assess all evidential opportunities. The Chief Constable has
now informed the Police Ombudsman that he intends that there
will be a full re-investigation of the murder which obviates
the need for a Review.
16.2 That the Review of the enquiry into Mr Sean Brown's
murder should be linked with the investigation into the two
identified murders in which the same or a similar weapon was
used.
16.3 Since the murder of Mr Sean Brown his family have been
most concerned about the quality of the police investigation.
They have articulated those concerns to the police and those
concerns, which are now shown to be justified have caused them
significant additional stress and suffering. As a result of
this, and because of the consequences of the disappearance of
both the Policy File and the Bellaghy Occurrence Book, I
therefore recommend that the Chief Constable pay to Mrs Brown,
the complainant, a sum equivalent to the maximum amount
currently permitted under the Police (Northern Ireland) Act
1998 as amended, in recognition of the distress caused by the
failure of this investiga
NUALA O'LOAN (MRS)
POLICE OMBUDSMAN FOR NORTHERN IRELAND
19 January 2004